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991.
Lonnie Golden 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,84(2):217-227
What are some of the key historical trends in hours of work per worker in US? What economic, social-psychological, organizational and institutional forces determine the length of individuals’ working hours? How much of the trend toward longer working hours among so many workers may be attributable to workers’ preferences, workplace incentives or employers’ constraints? When can work become overwork or workaholism – an unforced addiction to incessant work activity which risk harm to workers, families or even economies? The first part of this article traces the history of the length of working hours and its recent polarization. The second part develops a multi-disciplinary model to identify motivations behind working longer hours. Individuals' desired work hours will stem from the weighted contribution of five sources: (1) current real wage rates; (2) forward-looking, wage trajectories; (3) relative status associated with hours of labor; (4) intrinsic rewards, process benefits or amenities acquired through work; (5) hours demanded by the employer and other structural constraints, to which workers may adapt. Employers and their established conditions of work have influenced the course of long run trends labor supply and in work time structures. The final section suggests policies that might address the persistence of long hours. 相似文献
992.
The Academy of Management formally adopted a Code of Ethical Conduct in 1990. During the subsequent 15 years, almost nothing had been published about it and its value as a formal document meant to guide professional practice. Rather surprisingly then, in December 2005 an entirely new Code of Ethics was introduced by the Academy’s Board, to take effect in February 2006. Why was a new code promulgated? More broadly, what do the contents of these codes, the processes of their promulgation, and their expressed purposes, suggest about the value of such codes for similarly situated professional associations, in general? This article seeks to identify key strengths and weaknesses of the original code, begin an assessment of the potential value of the new code, and so stimulate debate. Further, not only is this a call to the members of the Academy to engage in some thoughtful debate and possible amendment of its new code, but also a caution to all such associations to take seriously the hurdles that must be jumped before any code can be developed and promulgated to worthwhile effect. 相似文献
993.
994.
It is no longer a revelation that companies have some responsibility to uphold human rights. However, delineating the boundaries of the relationship between business and human rights is more vexed. What is it that we are asking corporations to assume responsibility for and how far does that responsibility extend? This article focuses on the extent to which economic, social and cultural rights fall within a corporation’s sphere of responsibility. It then analyses how corporations may be held accountable for violations of such rights. Specifically, the article considers the use of soft law as a protective mechanism; it also details how victims of harmful corporate behaviour are using litigation (pursuant to ATCA and common law domestic causes of action) to seek redress and recognition of the harms they have directly or indirectly experienced. The article concludes with an analysis of Professor Ruggie’s (the United Nations Special Representative on the issue of transnational corporations and human rights) 2008 and 2009 Reports in which it is suggested that a respect-based framework must be interpreted as imposing proactive requirements on companies to prevent the infringement of human rights. Future efforts must also be directed towards the recognition of a specialised complementary corporate responsibility to protect human rights. 相似文献
995.
Financial globalisation has been associated with divergent current account patterns in emerging markets. In this paper we
test for the relevance of financial market characteristics in explaining different current account patterns in emerging Europe
and emerging Asia. We find that better developed and more integrated financial markets increase emerging markets’ ability
to borrow abroad. The degree of financial integration within the convergence clubs as well as the extent of reserve accumulation
are found to be the most significant factors to explain divergent current account patterns in emerging Europe and emerging
Asia. 相似文献
996.
Beate Schirwitz 《Empirical Economics》2009,37(2):287-301
Business cycle chronologies offer reference points for empirical studies used as benchmarks for business cycle and recession
theory. A quasi-official chronology exists for the US economy, but not for most European countries, including Germany. While
most papers dealing with business cycle dates rely on one specific method, I present and discuss a number of different dating
approaches based on the classical business cycle. These are applied to German GDP data comprising 1970–2006. Finally, based
on the results of the different methods, a consensus business cycle chronology for the German economy is suggested. 相似文献
997.
The role of uncertainty within an organization’s environment features prominently in the business ethics and management literature,
but how corporate investment decisions should proceed in the face of uncertainties relating to the natural environment is
less discussed. From the perspective of ecological economics, the salience of ecology-induced issues challenges management
to address new types of uncertainties. These pertain to constraints within the natural environment as well as to institutional
action aimed at conserving the natural environment. We derive six areas of ecology-induced uncertainties and propose ecology-driven
real options as a conceptual approach for systematically incorporating these uncertainties into strategic management. We combine
our results in an integrative investment framework and illustrate its application with the case of carbon constraints. 相似文献
998.
Alena Kimakova 《Intereconomics》2009,44(3):142-148
This paper highlights that the EMU transition process itself can pose challenges to individual accession countries and draws
policy implications for ERM II. Differences in financial market development and international liabilities underscore the risks
and benefits of ERM II, and may lead to conflict between short and long-term policy objectives. 相似文献
999.
Ian Worthington 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,90(1):47-60
In exploring corporate perceptions of the business case for supplier diversity (SD), this paper reports on a cross-national
study of large purchasing organisations (LPOs) that had introduced, or were in the process of introducing, purchasing initiatives
aimed at ethnic minority businesses (EMBs). The research investigates how LPOs portray the benefits of this form of socially
responsible purchasing and suggests a business case construct based on four component elements. It also highlights a number
of contextual factors that appear to have shaped business case rationales. The paper concludes with a discussion of issues
of cost and contingent influences affecting SD programmes and points to possible areas for future research. 相似文献
1000.
Dennis R. Cooley 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,89(3):351-369
No one would deny that sustainability is necessary for individual, business, and national survival. How this goal is to be
accomplished is a matter of great debate. In this article I will show that the United States and other developed countries
have a duty to create sustainable cities, even if that is against a notion of private property rights considered as an absolute.
Through eminent domain and regulation, developed countries can fulfill their obligations to current and future generations.
To do so, the governments must reject perfectly competitive free market capitalism and the absolute right to private property,
and more fully adopt social welfare capitalism as their economic system. The result will be a sustainable society that balances
democracy, individual rights and individual flourishing with the community’s flourishing. 相似文献